F

Strategy Inc — Earnings Quality Grade F

MSTR · Technology

Major red flags

Revenue
$477M
2025
Net Income
-$3.8B
2025
Gross Margin
68.7%
Free Cash Flow
-$22.6B
01

Screening Summary

6
Passed
6
Watch
5
Failed
-2.49
M-Score
02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

!
A1DSO Change

DSO increased by 15 days

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR outpaced revenue for 2 consecutive years

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue 3.0%, CFFO -26.8%. Cash follows revenue

02

Expense Quality

B1Inventory vs COGS

No material inventory

B2CapEx vs Revenue

CapEx growth 1.9% vs revenue 3.0%. Normal

!
B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 83.8%, exceeds 70%

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 68.7%, change -3.4pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO < Net Income for 3 consecutive years

!
C2Free Cash Flow

FCF is negative ($-22.6B)

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = -6.1%. Low accruals

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $2.3B covers only 28% of debt $8.2B

04

Balance Sheet Health

D1Goodwill + Intangibles

Goodwill+Intangibles $58.9B = 115% of equity. Over 50%

!
D2Leverage

Interest coverage = -0.6x (<2x). Financial stress

!
D3Soft Asset Growth

Other assets grew 88.1% vs revenue 3.0%

D4Asset Impairment

No write-off data

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions negative for 3 years

!
E2Goodwill Surge

Goodwill+Intangibles surged 146% YoY

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

M-Score = -2.49 (< -2.22). Unlikely manipulator

04

Beneish M-Score

Manipulation Probability-2.49
-4.0 Clean-2.22 Grey-1.78 Danger0
1.103
DSRI
AR growing faster than revenue?
1.049
GMI
Gross margin declining?
0.97
AQI
Asset quality deteriorating?
1.03
SGI
Revenue growth rate
0.717
DEPI
Depreciation slowing?
0.958
SGAI
SG&A ratio changing?
-0.0613
TATA
Accruals level
0.479
LVGI
Leverage increasing?
05

Altman Z-Score

5.02
Safe Zone
0 Distress1.102.605.0+ Safe
0.0342
Liquidity
0.1026
Cumulative profit
-0.0886
Operating efficiency
4.8162
Leverage

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-08

Strategy Inc (MSTR) 财报排雷评级 F — EarningsGrade