B

Upwork Inc. — Earnings Quality Grade B

UPWK · Communication Services

Generally healthy

Revenue
$788M
2025
Net Income
$115M
2025
Gross Margin
77.8%
Free Cash Flow
$223M
01

Screening Summary

15
Passed
2
Watch
0
Failed
-2.91
M-Score

Management Signals

View all →
Routine2026-03-18
Anthony Kappus · Chief Operating OfficerAppointment
Standard appointment
SEC
Routine2025-12-11
Sabrina Mekhalfa · Chief Accounting OfficerAppointment
Standard appointment
SEC
Routine2025-12-11
Sabrina Mekhalfa · Chief Accounting OfficerAppointment
Standard appointment
SEC
Routine2025-12-11
Sabrina Mekhalfa · Chief Accounting OfficerAppointment
Standard appointment
SEC

Source: SEC EDGAR 8-K Item 5.02, with exhibit links when available

02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

A1DSO Change

DSO 35 days, change -0 days YoY

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR growth 1.0% vs revenue growth 2.4%

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue 2.4%, CFFO 61.7%. Cash follows revenue

02

Expense Quality

B1Inventory vs COGS

No material inventory

!
B2CapEx vs Revenue

CapEx growth 74.0% is >2x revenue growth 2.4%

B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 47.3%. Normal

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 77.8%, change +0.4pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO/NI = 2.15. Profits backed by cash

C2Free Cash Flow

FCF $0.2B, FCF/NI = 1.93

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = -10.2%. Low accruals

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $0.7B covers debt $0.4B

04

Balance Sheet Health

D1Goodwill + Intangibles

Goodwill+Intangibles $0.2B = 30% of equity. Manageable

D2Leverage

Debt/EBITDA = 2.4x. Healthy

D3Soft Asset Growth

Other assets -23.6% vs revenue 2.4%. Normal

D4Asset Impairment

No write-off data

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions positive

!
E2Goodwill Surge

Goodwill+Intangibles surged 39% YoY

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

M-Score = -2.91 (< -2.22). Unlikely manipulator

04

Beneish M-Score

Manipulation Probability-2.91
-4.0 Clean-2.22 Grey-1.78 Danger0
0.986
DSRI
AR growing faster than revenue?
0.994
GMI
Gross margin declining?
1.054
AQI
Asset quality deteriorating?
1.024
SGI
Revenue growth rate
0.947
DEPI
Depreciation slowing?
0.902
SGAI
SG&A ratio changing?
-0.1022
TATA
Accruals level
0.968
LVGI
Leverage increasing?
05

Altman Z-Score

3.27
Safe Zone
0 Distress1.102.605.0+ Safe
0.2314
Liquidity
0.0284
Cumulative profit
0.0995
Operating efficiency
0.9418
Leverage

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-25