F

OneSpan Inc. — Earnings Quality Grade F

OSPN · Technology

Major red flags

Revenue
$243M
2025
Net Income
$73M
2025
Gross Margin
73.8%
Free Cash Flow
$50M
01

Screening Summary

15
Passed
1
Watch
1
Failed
-2.22
M-Score

Management Signals

No recent CEO, CFO, board, or accounting leadership signals found in SEC 8-K filings.
02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

A1DSO Change

DSO 84 days, change -0 days YoY

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR growth -0.4% vs revenue growth 0.0%

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue 0.0%, CFFO 6.8%. Cash follows revenue

02

Expense Quality

B1Inventory vs COGS

Inventory -3.0% vs COGS -7.0%. Normal

B2CapEx vs Revenue

CapEx growth -2.8% vs revenue 0.0%. Normal

B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 51.7%. Normal

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 73.8%, change +2.0pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO < Net Income for 3 consecutive years

Small-cap context: Small-cap CFFO/NI often diverges from working-capital swings, not necessarily manipulation.

C2Free Cash Flow

FCF $0.1B, FCF/NI = 0.69

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = 3.4%. Low accruals

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $0.1B covers debt $0.0B

04

Balance Sheet Health

!
D1Goodwill + Intangibles

Goodwill+Intangibles $0.1B = 42% of equity

D2Leverage

Debt/EBITDA = 0.1x. Healthy

D3Soft Asset Growth

Other assets 6.5% vs revenue 0.0%. Normal

D4Asset Impairment

No write-off data

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions positive

E2Goodwill Surge

Goodwill+Intangibles change 14% YoY. Normal

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

M-Score = -2.22 (< -2.22). Unlikely manipulator

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04

Beneish M-Score

Manipulation Probability-2.22
-4.0 Clean-2.22 Grey-1.78 Danger0
0.996
DSRI
AR growing faster than revenue?
0.973
GMI
Gross margin declining?
1.235
AQI
Asset quality deteriorating?
1
SGI
Revenue growth rate
0.889
DEPI
Depreciation slowing?
1.023
SGAI
SG&A ratio changing?
0.0338
TATA
Accruals level
0.885
LVGI
Leverage increasing?
05

Altman Z-Score

5.78
Safe Zone
0 Distress1.102.605.0+ Safe
0.1449
Liquidity
0.5276
Cumulative profit
0.1259
Operating efficiency
2.1599
Leverage

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-25