C

Microsoft Corporation — Earnings Quality Grade C

MSFT · Technology

Some red flags

Revenue
$281.7B
2025
Net Income
$101.8B
2025
Gross Margin
68.8%
Free Cash Flow
$71.6B
01

Screening Summary

14
Passed
3
Watch
1
Failed
-2.56
M-Score
02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

A1DSO Change

DSO 91 days, change +6 days YoY

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR outpaced revenue for 2 consecutive years

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue 14.9%, CFFO 14.9%. Cash follows revenue

02

Expense Quality

B1Inventory vs COGS

Inventory -24.7% vs COGS 18.5%. Normal

!
B2CapEx vs Revenue

CapEx growth 45.1% is >2x revenue growth 14.9%

B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 17.0%, excellent (<30%)

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 68.8%, change -0.9pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO/NI = 1.34. Profits backed by cash

C2Free Cash Flow

FCF $71.6B, FCF/NI = 0.70

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = -5.5%. Low accruals

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $94.6B covers debt $60.6B

04

Balance Sheet Health

!
D1Goodwill + Intangibles

Goodwill+Intangibles $142.1B = 41% of equity

D2Leverage

Debt/EBITDA = 0.4x. Healthy

D3Soft Asset Growth

Other assets 11.3% vs revenue 14.9%. Normal

!
D4Asset Impairment

Write-offs up 358% YoY

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions positive

E2Goodwill Surge

Goodwill+Intangibles change -3% YoY. Normal

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

M-Score = -2.56 (< -2.22). Unlikely manipulator

04

Beneish M-Score

Manipulation Probability-2.56
-4.0 Clean-2.22 Grey-1.78 Danger0
1.068
DSRI
AR growing faster than revenue?
1.014
GMI
Gross margin declining?
0.828
AQI
Asset quality deteriorating?
1.149
SGI
Revenue growth rate
0.974
DEPI
Depreciation slowing?
0.892
SGAI
SG&A ratio changing?
-0.0555
TATA
Accruals level
0.893
LVGI
Leverage increasing?
05

Altman Z-Score

4.46
Safe Zone
0 Distress1.102.605.0+ Safe
0.0806
Liquidity
0.3841
Cumulative profit
0.2036
Operating efficiency
1.2466
Leverage

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-08

Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) Earnings Quality Grade C — EarningsGrade