C

Lifeway Foods, Inc. — Earnings Quality Grade C

LWAY · Consumer Defensive

Some red flags

Revenue
$212M
2025
Net Income
$14M
2025
Gross Margin
27.4%
Free Cash Flow
-$16M
01

Screening Summary

11
Passed
5
Watch
1
Failed
-2.29
M-Score

Management Signals

No recent CEO, CFO, board, or accounting leadership signals found in SEC 8-K filings.
02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

A1DSO Change

DSO 29 days, change -2 days YoY

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR growth 7.9% vs revenue growth 13.7%

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue grew 13.7% but CFFO declined -15.5%

Small-cap context: Small-cap revenue/CFFO ratio is sensitive to growth-stage working-capital draws.

02

Expense Quality

!
B1Inventory vs COGS

Inventory growth 37.0% exceeds COGS 11.6%

!
B2CapEx vs Revenue

CapEx growth 308.6% is >2x revenue growth 13.7%

!
B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 71.3%, exceeds 70%

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 27.4%, change +1.4pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

!
C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO/NI = 0.79. Below 1.0

!
C2Free Cash Flow

FCF is negative ($-0.0B)

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = 2.8%. Low accruals

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $0.0B covers debt $0.0B

04

Balance Sheet Health

D1Goodwill + Intangibles

Goodwill+Intangibles $0.0B = 20% of equity. Manageable

D2Leverage

Debt/EBITDA = 0.0x. Healthy

D3Soft Asset Growth

Other assets 20.3% vs revenue 13.7%. Normal

D4Asset Impairment

No write-off data

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions positive

E2Goodwill Surge

Goodwill+Intangibles change -3% YoY. Normal

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

M-Score = -2.29 (< -2.22). Unlikely manipulator

Portfolio monitoring

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04

Beneish M-Score

Manipulation Probability-2.29
-4.0 Clean-2.22 Grey-1.78 Danger0
0.949
DSRI
AR growing faster than revenue?
0.949
GMI
Gross margin declining?
0.851
AQI
Asset quality deteriorating?
1.137
SGI
Revenue growth rate
1.477
DEPI
Depreciation slowing?
1.067
SGAI
SG&A ratio changing?
0.0276
TATA
Accruals level
0.92
LVGI
Leverage increasing?
05

Altman Z-Score

9.82
Safe Zone
0 Distress1.102.605.0+ Safe
0.1933
Liquidity
0.8397
Cumulative profit
0.1871
Operating efficiency
4.3363
Leverage

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-25