C

Costco Wholesale Corporation — Earnings Quality Grade C

COST · Consumer Defensive

Some red flags

Revenue
$275.2B
2025
Net Income
$8.1B
2025
Gross Margin
12.8%
Free Cash Flow
$7.8B
01

Screening Summary

15
Passed
1
Watch
1
Failed
-2.66
M-Score
02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

A1DSO Change

DSO 4 days, change +0 days YoY

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR outpaced revenue for 2 consecutive years

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue 8.2%, CFFO 17.6%. Cash follows revenue

02

Expense Quality

B1Inventory vs COGS

Inventory -2.8% vs COGS 7.9%. Normal

B2CapEx vs Revenue

CapEx growth 16.7% vs revenue 8.2%. Normal

!
B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 70.6%, exceeds 70%

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 12.8%, change +0.2pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO/NI = 1.65. Profits backed by cash

C2Free Cash Flow

FCF $7.8B, FCF/NI = 0.97

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = -6.8%. Low accruals

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $15.3B covers debt $8.2B

04

Balance Sheet Health

D1Goodwill + Intangibles

No goodwill. Clean balance sheet

D2Leverage

Debt/EBITDA = 0.6x. Healthy

D3Soft Asset Growth

Other assets 3.8% vs revenue 8.2%. Normal

D4Asset Impairment

No write-off data

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions positive

E2Goodwill Surge

No goodwill

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

M-Score = -2.66 (< -2.22). Unlikely manipulator

04

Beneish M-Score

Manipulation Probability-2.66
-4.0 Clean-2.22 Grey-1.78 Danger0
1.088
DSRI
AR growing faster than revenue?
0.982
GMI
Gross margin declining?
0.94
AQI
Asset quality deteriorating?
1.082
SGI
Revenue growth rate
1.008
DEPI
Depreciation slowing?
1.012
SGAI
SG&A ratio changing?
-0.0679
TATA
Accruals level
0.94
LVGI
Leverage increasing?
05

Altman Z-Score

2.66
Safe Zone
0 Distress1.102.605.0+ Safe
0.0165
Liquidity
0.2938
Cumulative profit
0.1423
Operating efficiency
0.6084
Leverage

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-08

Costco Wholesale Corporation (COST) Earnings Quality Grade C — EarningsGrade