F

Clipper Realty Inc. — Earnings Quality Grade F

CLPR · Real Estate

Major red flags

Revenue
$153M
2025
Net Income
-$20M
2025
Gross Margin
55.4%
Free Cash Flow
$23M
01

Screening Summary

10
Passed
0
Watch
4
Failed
M-Score

Management Signals

No recent CEO, CFO, board, or accounting leadership signals found in SEC 8-K filings.
02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

A1DSO Change

DSO 21 days, change +5 days YoY

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR outpaced revenue for 2 consecutive years

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue 3.0%, CFFO -29.2%. Cash follows revenue

02

Expense Quality

B1Inventory vs COGS

No material inventory

B2CapEx vs Revenue

Insufficient data

B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 18.3%, excellent (<30%)

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 55.4%, change -1.7pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO < Net Income for 3 consecutive years

Small-cap context: Small-cap CFFO/NI often diverges from working-capital swings, not necessarily manipulation.

C2Free Cash Flow

FCF $0.0B, FCF/NI = -1.13

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = -3.4%. Low accruals

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $0.0B covers only 2% of debt $1.3B

04

Balance Sheet Health

D1Goodwill + Intangibles

Goodwill+Intangibles $0.0B = -16% of equity. Manageable

D2Leverage

Debt/EBITDA = 39.9x (>4x). Interest coverage = 0.7x (<2x). Financial stress

D3Soft Asset Growth

Insufficient data

D4Asset Impairment

No write-off data

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions positive

E2Goodwill Surge

Goodwill+Intangibles change -7% YoY. Normal

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

Insufficient data

Portfolio monitoring

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Altman Z-Score — Not Applicable

Clipper Realty Inc. is a financial company. Z-Score is designed for non-financial companies.

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-25