F

Bakkt, Inc. — Earnings Quality Grade F

BKKT · Technology

Major red flags

Revenue
$2.3B
2025
Net Income
-$107M
2025
Gross Margin
1.1%
Free Cash Flow
-$157M
01

Screening Summary

10
Passed
3
Watch
4
Failed
-1.11
M-Score

Management Signals

No recent CEO, CFO, board, or accounting leadership signals found in SEC 8-K filings.
02

Financial Trends

Revenue & Net Income ($B)

Margins (%)

03

18-Point Screening

01

Revenue Quality

A1DSO Change

DSO 1 days, change +0 days YoY

A2AR vs Revenue Growth

AR growth -27.6% vs revenue growth -32.1%

A3Revenue vs CFFO

Revenue -32.1%, CFFO -623.5%. Cash follows revenue

02

Expense Quality

B1Inventory vs COGS

No material inventory

!
B2CapEx vs Revenue

CapEx growth 23.6% is >2x revenue growth -32.1%

!
B3SG&A Ratio

SG&A/Gross Profit = 456.4%, exceeds 70%

B4Gross Margin

Gross margin 1.1%, change +0.0pp. Stable

03

Cash Flow Quality

C1CFFO vs Net Income

CFFO/NI = 1.43. Profits backed by cash

!
C2Free Cash Flow

FCF is negative ($-0.2B)

C3Accruals Ratio

Accruals ratio = 28.4%. Exceeds 10%

C4Cash vs Debt

Cash $0.0B covers debt $0.0B

04

Balance Sheet Health

D1Goodwill + Intangibles

Goodwill+Intangibles $0.1B = 62% of equity. Over 50%

D2Leverage

Debt/EBITDA = -0.0x. Healthy

D3Soft Asset Growth

Other assets -8.7% vs revenue -32.1%. Normal

D4Asset Impairment

No write-off data

05

Acquisition Risk

E1Serial Acquirer FCF

FCF after acquisitions negative for 3 years

Small-cap context: A single acquisition on a small balance sheet can trip serial-acquirer logic.

E2Goodwill Surge

Goodwill+Intangibles change -1% YoY. Normal

06

Manipulation Score

F1Beneish M-Score

M-Score = -1.11 (> -1.78). LIKELY MANIPULATOR

Small-cap context: Beneish M-Score was calibrated on large-caps; small-cap DSO/inventory volatility mechanically inflates it.

Portfolio monitoring

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04

Beneish M-Score

Manipulation Probability-1.11
-4.0 Clean-2.22 Grey-1.78 Danger0
1.067
DSRI
AR growing faster than revenue?
0.957
GMI
Gross margin declining?
1.949
AQI
Asset quality deteriorating?
0.679
SGI
Revenue growth rate
0.124
DEPI
Depreciation slowing?
2.091
SGAI
SG&A ratio changing?
0.2837
TATA
Accruals level
0.397
LVGI
Leverage increasing?
05

Altman Z-Score

-20.03
Distress Zone
0 Distress1.102.605.0+ Safe
0.2406
Liquidity
-5.5604
Cumulative profit
-0.8705
Operating efficiency
2.2554
Leverage

Generated from public financial data using forensic accounting frameworks. Not investment advice. Data: Yahoo Finance · 2026-04-25